Anemia Toolkit
This study compares hemoglobin distributions from four pairs of nationally representative surveys measuring hemoglobin, matched by country and time from the Demographic and Health Survey Program and the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia project.
Anemia Toolkit
This narrative review is to describe the basic principles, advantages, limitations, and quality control issues related to methods of hemoglobin measurement in clinical and field settings.
Anemia Toolkit
This editorial provides the background to the World Health Organization's project to review global guidelines for use and interpretation of hemoglobin concentrations in assessing anemia status in individuals and populations.
Anemia Toolkit
This review outline definitions and classifications of anemia, describe the biological mechanisms through which anemia develops, and reviews the variety of conditions that contribute to anemia development.
USAID Nutrition Resource Hub
Diverse guidance exists on how to best design and use a theory of change. This curriculum presents one method that does its best to align with the requirements of creating a development hypothesis for development food security activities funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development Office of Food for Peace. The curriculum draws on experience in program and theory of change development, participant feedback from five years of workshops, and input from the Office of Food for Peace monitoring and evaluation team.
Anemia Toolkit
This narrative review describes the underlying genetic factors that affect hemoglobin concentrations, their clinical relevance, and geographical distribution across populations around the globe.
Anemia Toolkit
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the associations of maternal hemoglobin concentrations with birth outcomes (low birth weight, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age, stillbirth, and perinatal and neonatal mortality) and adverse maternal outcomes (postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and blood transfusion). It accounts for the timing of measurement (preconception and first, second, and third trimesters); etiology of anemia; and cutoff category.
Anemia Toolkit
This descriptive study summarizes the evidence for the association between maternal hemoglobin concentrations and maternal or infant outcomes, evaluating it in a continuous manner.
Anemia Toolkit
This systematic review and meta-analysis of iron intervention and observational studies explored the consequences of low hemoglobin concentration in children under age five years on growth, development, and chronic disease (functional outcomes) across the full range of hemoglobin values.
Anemia Toolkit
This narrative review of the literature identified recent studies reporting hemoglobin cutoffs in males and females in various life stages, to inform the development of normal reference ranges for hemoglobin.