This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the evidence of the efficacy of iron biofortification interventions on iron status and functional outcomes. Five studies from 3 randomized efficacy trials (rice, pearl millet, beans) conducted in India, the Philippines, and Rwanda were included. Findings suggest that iron biofortification is an efficacious intervention to improve continuous measures of iron status. Findings indicate that iron-biofortified food consumption exhibits a positive impact on attention and memory outcomes.