This article provides a framework for understanding the population-specific epidemiology and pathophysiology of anemia globally. The authors used the systematic approach of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2013 study to elucidate levels and trends of anemia-related disability. The study includes estimates of prevalence and years lived with disability for mild, moderate, severe, and total anemia in 188 countries, 21 Global Burden of Disease regions, 20 age groups, and both sexes from 1990 to 2013.