This document is an output of a World Health Organization cross-program initiative aiming to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and management of anaemia and thereby accelerate reduction of its prevalence. This framework is based on the core principles of primary health care: meeting people’s health needs through comprehensive promotive, protective, curative, and rehabilitative care along the life course; systematically addressing the broader determinants of health; and empowering individuals, families, and communities to optimize their health.