This Cochrane Systematic Review synthesizes the evidence pertaining to the safety and health benefits of folic acid fortification of wheat and maize flour for folate status and health outcomes in the overall population, compared to wheat or maize flour without folic acid. Evidence from 10 studies suggests that the fortification of wheat flour with folic acid may reduce the likelihood of neural tube defects and that it may increase folate status, whereas there was limited evidence of the effects of folic acid–fortified wheat flour on hemoglobin levels or anemia.