This Systematic Review synthesizes the evidence pertaining to the effects of iron fortification of maize flour, cornmeal, and maize flour products on anemia and iron status in the general population. Evidence from 5 studies suggests that it is uncertain whether fortifying maize flour with iron and other vitamins and minerals reduces the risk of iron deficiency. Furthermore, it cannot be concluded that iron‐fortified maize flour, cornmeal, or fortified maize flour products have any effect on reducing the risk of anemia or on improving hemoglobin concentration in the population.