For over a decade, the prevalence of stunting has served as an influential indicator to highlight the importance of nutrition, inform program design and evaluate a wide range of nutrition activities. However, recent literature has critically examined the use of stunting as an indicator for evaluating the impact of nutrition interventions. This literature review summarizes the strengths and limitations of stunting as an indicator of nutrition interventions’ impact and informed the companion guidance document below, which suggests approaches and indicators for comprehensively and meaningfully measuring the results of nutrition programs.