Paternal involvement in the care of children in rural Rwanda born preterm, low birth weight and/or with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is limited. Significant factors associated with father involvement included smaller household size, maternal engagement in decision-making and learning activities, and being on‐track in developmental milestones for problem solving. The number of activities a father engaged in was significantly associated with the child's overall development. This article is behind a paywall.