This brief highlights the main constraints, opportunities, and leverage points to enhance food systems related to fruit and vegetable consumption, trade, processing, and production. Recommendations include locating fruit and vegetable production systems in peri-urban areas, investing in irrigation to facilitate sub-systems in rural areas, and addressing systemic barriers to ensure women’s equitable participation and inclusion. Public and private research and development need to shift from a focus on carbohydrate-rich staple crops to fruits and vegetables and should increase the availability of “risk capital” to increase experimentation.