Anemia remains a critical global health problem that contributes to increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in women of reproductive age and preschool-age children. To address this challenge, the US Agency for International Development (USAID), through its project USAID-Advancing Nutrition, constituted the USAID-Advancing Nutrition Anemia Task Force (ATF). Since 2021, the ATF, a group of leading experts in anemia research and programming, advises USAID Advancing Nutrition in areas of anemia reduction that are relevant to public health. The following article is a synopsis of a larger report created by the ATF for USAID Advancing Nutrition with the goal of providing an overview of anemia causes, available assessment methods, and intervention strategies to identify, prevent and treat anemia.