The relationship between food processing and diets is complex; expanding the production of processed foods may play a role in both supporting and hindering food systems in delivering safe, nutritious diets. In regions of the world with high burdens of malnutrition—including both overweight/obesity, micronutrient deficiency, and undernutrition—food processing can be leveraged to improve diets and nutrition. This brief for USAID and implementing partners assists with the design and implementation of food processing activities for improved diets and nutrition.